Cosmos (first published in seventeen consecutive parts in Science Fiction Digest, July 1933 to December 1943/January 1935 -- the magazine's title changed to Fantasy Magazine in January 1934, and was published monthly except for the final two issues, which were on a bimonthly schedule; Chapter Two was reprinted as "Volunteers from Venus" in the Otis Adelbert Kline fanzine OAK Leaves, V1N8, Summer 1972; the entire serial was reprinted in 29 parts in the Ace paperback Perry Rhodan series, #32-60, October 1973- December 1974; around 2014 (date uncertain), fan David Ritter produced The Cosmos Project, an online resource that reprinted the entire serial, as well as ancillary items of interest -- https://cosmos-serial.com/; and reprinted by First Fandom Experience, date uncertain -- which also reprinted in two volumes all 39 issues of Science Fiction Digest/Fantasy Digest)
In July 1933, science fiction as a separate genre was just a .kittle over seven years -- and the term "science fiction" some four years old. Hugo Gernsback, the original editor of Amazing Stories, had encouraged his young readers -- and they were almost always young, male, and white -- to communicate with each other to discuss the ideas that could be found in his magazine. And communicate they did. Soon, the enthusiastic readers were forming clubs, meeting in person, and issuing newsletters and fanzines. One of the more noted fanzines of the time was Science Fiction Digest, begun in September 1932 and initially published and edited by Maurice A. Ingher; editorship was taken over by Conrad H. Ruppert in April 1933 and becoming publisher a month later. Ruppert's young and ambitious staff included Julius Schwartz (age 18) and Raymond A. Palmer (age 23). they proposed a monumental project for the fanzine: a round robin novel by some of the leading science fiction writers of the day. Palmer wrote a preliminary outline and they convinced seventeen of the most popular science fiction writers of the time to contribute; to be fair, it did not take much convincing -- writers and fans was closely bound together in those early days. Palmer himself contributed two chapters, one under his own name and one under a pseudonym.
Thus was born Cosmos, a legendary slam-bang, gee-whiz extravaganza of imagination, derring-do, and super-science, a work that truly has to be read to be fully appreciated.
Expect no sophisticated writing. But does your twelve-year-old inner child really need sophistication?
The story:
In Chapter One, Dos-Tev is the deposed emperor of a planet in Alpha Centauri. The usurper, Ay-Artz, is planning to invade and conquer Earth's solar system with the use of newly developed faster than light-speed ships. In an attempt to stop him, Dos-Tev lands in the Copernicus crater of the moon and attempts to rally the various peoples of the solar system.
Chapter Two takes us Mercury where on e of the wealthiest people on earth has fled to avoid a robot takeover of humanity. Chapter Three takes us to Jupiter's moon Callisto, which is ruled by women. We go to Mars in Chapter Four, where the planet is filled with sentient beings that resembles giant flying squirrels. Saturn's beings in Chapter Five are cone-like things that communicate by color.
Chapter Six returns to Dos-Tev, who is encountering opposition from a mysterious intelligent force dubbed "the Wrongness of Space." In Chapters Seven, Eight, and Nine, the people of Neptune (sentient gas-filled balloons), Venus (transplanted Earthmen), and Earth send emissaries to Dos-Tev, but -- SPOILER -- the Earthmen are controlled by their robot masters.
Chapter Ten has Dos-Tev, despite interference from the Wrongness of Space, convincing the representatives of the various planets to build fleets of space ships to fight Ay-Artz.
Chapter Eleven sees the Earthmen overturing their robot masters. This chapter, written by A. Merritt, was later revised and published as a short story, "Rhythm of the Spheres" (Thrilling Wonder Stories, October 1936).
Chapter Twelve reveals that the Wrongness of Space is an insane interdimensional creature named Krzza of Lxyia, who has allied itself with Ay-Artz. Dos-Tev tries to defeat the creature and fails. Krzza hijacks communication equipment to sent the planetary fleets to an intended doom.
The fleets of Earth, Neptune, and Saturn struggle for survival from the misdirection from Krzza in Chapters Thirteen, Fourteen, and Fifteen. Chapter Thirteen, by E. E. Smith, was revised and reprinted as a shlort story, "Robot Nemesis" (Thrilling Wonder Stories, June 1939).
We are in the home stretch now, kiddos. In the penultimate chapter, Dos-Tev manages to defeat Krzza and heads to join the planetary fleets for the final showdown with Ay-Artz.
In the world-destroying final chapter, an epic space battle destroys the forces of Ay-Artz, but at a terrible cost. The outer planets -- Neptune, Uranus, and Pluto -- are completely destroyed, as is the heroic Dos-Tev.
Phew!
The contributors:
- "Ralph Milne Farley" (Chapter One: Faster Than Light). The pen name for Roger Sherman Hoar (1887-1963), one-time state legislator and assistant Attorney general for the state of Massachusetts. He campaigned for women's suffrage and was instrumental in the passage of the Employee Unemployment Benefits Act; he also published landmark works on constitutional and patent law. He later moved to Wisconsin, where he was a member of the Milwaukee Fictioneers. He turned down an offer to become the editor of Amazing Stories, recommending Raymond A. Palmer for the position. The "Farley" by-line is understood to have been used exclusively for collaborations with his daughter Carolyn, who was a writer (as" Jacqueline Farley") and an engineering student. Farley's most famous work was The Radio Man (1924; book version, 1948; alternate title An Earthman on Venus); there were several sequels
- David H. Keller, M.D. (Chapter Two: The Emigrants). Keller (1880-1966) was a popular author in the early science fiction and fantasy magazines; his first published story appeared when he was fifteen. Keller was a neuropsychologist noted for treating shell-shocked soldiers in World War I -- an experience that contributed to the pessimism found in some of his writings, and served as Assistant Superintendent of the Louisiana State Mental Hospital. Keller wrote recreationally util his wife convinced him to make a profit from his hobby. Among his classic stories are "Revolt of the Pedestrians," "Stenographer's Hans," "The Ivy War," and "The Thing in the Cellar." His novels and collections were among those published by the early science fiction specialty press; he underwrote the publication of several of his Arkham House collections, which helped keep he struggling publisher above water. Hugo Gernsback hired him as editor of his magazine Sexology, a post he held for five years, leading to the publication of the best-selling Sexual Education Series of ten books.
- Arthur J. Burks (Chapter Three: Callisto's Children). Burks (1898-1974) was a marine officer and aide-de-camp to Brigadier-General Smedley E. Butler; Burks left the marines after a decade of service, but rejoined during World War II, retiring as a lieutenant colonel. He was one of the most prolific writers of the pulp era -- by early 1936, he estimated that he had published some 1400 stories. Burk was also active as a ghost writer and a writer of nonfiction. Only a very small portion of his output was ion the science fiction and fantasy fields. His most memorable early stories were "Earth, the Marauder," "Lords of the Stratosphere," "Manape the Mighty" and sequel "The Mind Master," and "Black Harvest of Moraine." His ghost writing included seven books for Princess Der Ling, the first lady-in waiting for the Chinese Empress Dowager Cixi; Princess Der Ling became the subject of a Chinese period drama television series in 2006.
- "Bob Olsen" (Alfred Johannes Olsen, Jr.) (Chapter Four: The Murderer from Mars). Olsen (1884-1956) ran his own advertising agency while writing humorous science fiction stories from 1927-1936. His stories were extremely popular, but not very lucrative. He is noted for his "Fourth Dimension" tales ("The Fourth Dimension Roller-Press" and sequels), "The Ant with a Human Soul," and "Rhythm Rides the Rocket."
- "Francis Flagg" (Henry George Weiss and not George Henry Weiss as is sometimes given) (Chapter Five: Tyrants of Saturn). Weiss (1898-1946) published about thirty stories in the SF pulps (mainly Astounding, Wonder, Weird Tales) He was a correspondent of H. P. Lovecraft. His most popular story was his first, "The Machine Man of Ardathia," which was followed five years later by a sequel "The Cities of Ardarthia." In 1947, Fantasy Publishing Company, Inc. [FPCI] released his story The Night People, which became a highly sought-after chapbook.
- John W. Campbell (Chapter Six: Interference on Luna). Before he became the stories editor of Astounding and rushing in science fiction's "Golden Age," Campbell wrote both slam-bang, gosh-wow planet-busting Sf adventure stories (:"The Brain Stealers of Mars," "Invaders from the Infinite," etc.), as swell as sensitive and thoughtful stories under under his "Don A. Stuart" pseudonym ("Who Goes There?," "Cloak of Aesir," "Twilight," etc.). Because of his non-PC attitudes toward race and his misogynistic leanings, among other things, he has fallen out of favor. (I still cannot forgive him for being the first to publish and promote L. Ron Hubbard's Dianetics.) Campbell may well be what they claim he is (and I have no reason to doubt that) but, at heart, he was a man who loved to argue and would often pick the most unpopular side. whatever the case, his place in the history of science fiction is secure -- even it is tarnished.
- "Rae Winters" (Chapter Seven: Son of the Trident) Rae Winters...who is she? Nobody, it turns out. Winters was a pen name for Raymond A. Palmer (for which see Chapter Ten, below). Palmer used this pseudonym for two stories in 1933 and 1934.
- Otis Adelbert Kline & E. Hoffman Price (Chapter Eight: Volunteers from Venus). Kline (1891-1946) was an author and literary agent, and an amateur orientalist and student of Arabic (as was Price). He was most noted for his Edgar Rice Burroughs-like novels, The Planet and The Prince and Port] of Peril, The Swordsman [and The Outlaws] of Mars, Jan of the Jungle, and Jan in India. He began to concentrate on his literary agency ion the mod-Thirties; perhaps his most notable client was Robert E. Howard. Price (1898-1988) was a proud fictioneer of the pulps, writing in a number of genres, but may be most noted for his work in Weird Tales; he has also been called a "real-life soldier of fortune." He famously co-wrote a story with H. P. Lovecraft and was the writer known to have met Lovecraft, Robert E. Howard, and Clark Ashton Smith in person. Among his most notable stories were "The Stranger from Kurdistan" --and "The Infidel's Daughter," a 1927 story that satirized the Ku Klux Klan and angered a number of Weird Tales' Southern readers. Price also wrote the popular Solomon Boliver Grimes stories which were humorous fantastic takes on the western story, and a series about Pawang Ali, a Malaysian detective on Singapore. He co-wrote several of Kline's stories about the Dragoman, Hamad the Atar.
- Abner J. Gelula (Chapter Nine: Menace of the Automaton). Gelula (1906-1985) published only six science fiction stories, five of them from 1931 to 1934. His first story, "Automaton," is noted for creating a lecherous robot who had to be destroyed. The robot theme was popular enough to be re-used for this chapter of Cosmos. Not much is known about Gelula, except that he was one of the first radio hams, and worked as a newspaper reporter who work at one time in New York and Atlantic City. "Automaton" was purchased shortly after publication by Universal Pictures, but the cost of bringing the story to the screen was then deemed to be too expensive. None of his stories have been anthologized.
- Raymond A. Palmer (Chapter Ten: Conference at Copernicus). Palmer (1910-1977) was a unique character in science fiction. A childhood accident crushed his spine, leaving him in adulthood as a hunchback measuring less than five feet. He found a home on science fiction fandom and was the Associate Editor of Science Fiction Digest from its start; after the fanzine changed its title to Fantasy Magazine, Palmer helped conceive and wrote the preliminary outline for Cosmos. His first science fiction story was published in 1930. He became the editor of Amazing in 19238 and immediately give the magazine a lively, albeit more juvenile slant, increasing the magazine's sales significantly. The following year, he started companion magazine magazine Fantastic Adventures. He filled both magazines with many of his stories written under various pseudonyms. A shameless promoter, he popularized the infamous Shaver Mysteries, based on the idea that an underground race was controlling humanity through various psi powers; from the Shaver Mystery it was a short step to Scientology and other pseudoscience nonsense such as that of Erik von Daniken. Palmer went big for the Flying Saucer craze and promoted ilot Kenneth Arnold. He started the occult-oriented pseudoscience magazines Fate and Mystic (later Search) and the science fiction magazines Other Worlds and Imagination. Later in life, he promoted a man who claimed to actually be the outlaw Jesse James. For science fiction readers of the early Thirties, Palmer's name meant non-stop action and imagination.
- A. Merritt (Chapter Eleven: The Last Poet and the Robots). Merritt (1884-1943) was (and is) one of the most famous and influential fantasy adventure writers of the early 20th century, author of The Moon Pool, The Ship of Ishtar, The Face in the Abyss, Seven Footprints to Satan, Dwellers in the Mirage, Burn, Witch, Burn!, and Creep, Shadow, Creep! He was the assistant editor of American Weekly, a Sunday newspaper from 1912 to 1937, and editor from 1937 until his death. Merritt was also one of the most highly paid journalists of his tine, making $25,00 a year in 1919, and over $100,000 when he died. He was a much-loved hypochondriac who kept a supply of musical instruments in his office and would play them for his employees; Merritt's employees loved him because he would never fire anyone. His autobiography-ish book, The Story Behind the Story (1942), gives little mention to the work that made him famous.
- J. Harvey Haggard (Chapter Twelve: At the Crater's Core). Haggard (1912-2001) published mainly in the Thirties and Forties, starting with "Faster than Light" (Wonder Stories, October 1930). He is best remembered for "Through the Einstein Line," which inaugurated his stories about the Earth-Guard Interplanetary Police, "Children of the Ray," "Human Machines," "Thought Crystals," and "The Light That Kills." Most of his stories, though popular at the time, are pretty mundane. He also wrote poetry as "The Planet Prince." A number of his stories ends with "it was only a dream..." In his professional life, he was evidently a railroad man.
- Edward E. Smith, Ph.D. (Chapter Thirteen: What a Course!) "Doc" ("Skylark") Smith (1890-1965) has been called the Father of Space Opera -- pretty nifty for a professional food chemist specializing in doughnuts. His Skylark of Space set the limits for galaxy-spanning super-science adventure, and was followed by three sequels. His most ambitious series, the Lensman books, beginning with 1937's Galactic Patrol, and followed by Gray Lensman, Second Stage Lensman, Children of the Lens, Triplanetary, and First Lensman, spanned the universe through time and space and used just about every conceivable superscience trope that ever was. Smith embraced his young science fiction fans and remained a popular presence at various science fiction conventions. With the possible exception of A. Merritt, Smith was the most famous of the contributors to Cosmos.
- P. Schuyler Miller (Chapter Fourteen: The Fate of the Neptunians). Miller (1912-1974) is probably best remembered as the book reviewer for Astounding Science Fiction; his reviews began in 1945 and ran regularly from 1951 util his death. A technical writer by trade, he began publishing science fiction with "The Red Plague" in 1931. His interest in archaeology informed his classic story "The Sands of Time." "The Titan" was a noted, albeit uncompleted story in 1934-35; the magazine folded before the final installment -- the full work was finally published in 1952. A long-time fan, Miller's Alice in Blunderland was a series of linked Science fiction parodies first published in Fantasy Magazine shortly before the magazine began publishing Cosmos. Miller's one novel, 1950's Genus Homo, was a collaboration with L. Sprague de Camp. Among his more than forty published science fiction stories, notables include "Old Man Mulligan," "Over the River," "The Frog," and "As Never Was".
- L. A. Eschbach (Chapter Fifteen: The Horde of Elo Hava). Lloyd Arthur Eschbach (1910-2003) was a noted science fiction fan, writer, and publisher. From 1958 to 1962 he was a church publisher, then became a salesman for the Moody Bible Institute until his retirement in 1975, after which he became a Congregational minister in Pennsylvania. He started two of the early science fiction small press publishers, Fantasy Press and Polaris Press, and helped create of assist a number of other fan presses, including FPCI, the Buffalo Book Company, and Hadley press, and helped William Crawford launch his magazine Marvel Tales. His 1947 book Of World Beyond was the first full-length work on science fiction writing from a professional pint of view. He flooded the science fiction magazines of the 1930s with twenty two stories, including "The Tyrant of Time," "A Voice from the Ether," and "The Kingdom of Thought." In ;later years he did much to promote E. E. Smith's writings and collaborated with him on the novel Subspace Encounter. Escbach also reported that L. Ron Hubbard told him in 1949, "I'd Like to start a religion. That's where the money is."
- "Eando Binder" (Chapter Sixteen: Lost in Alien Dimensions). At first, "Eando Binder" as the writing brothers Earl (1904-1966) and Otto (1911-1974) [E. and O.] Binder, who wrote ore than thirty stories together before Earl bowed out of the partnership in late 1935; from that point on the pseudonym referred to Otto alone, although collaborations with Earl would continue to be printed through 1939. (A third brother, Jack binder was a science fiction and comic book artist.) Early Binder stories included "Dawn to Dusk," "The First Martian.," "Murder on the Asteroid," Lords of Creation, and Enslaved Brains. On his own, Otto wrote the Adam Link robot stories, the Anton York, Immortal stories, the Lieutenant Jon Jarl of the Space Patrol series, and the Via series. Otto also wrote many comic book stories for Fawcett (including over 880 stories in the Marvel Family universe), DC (where he co-created the Legion of superheroes, the villain Brainiac, Supergirl, and Krypto the Superdog, among others; he also wrote many of the early bizarro stories), and Timely (the precursor to Marvel), where he wrote adventures of Captain America, Sub-Mariner, and the Human Torch. He also wrote the first Marvel tie-in novel, The Avengers Battle the Earth-Wrecker (1967).
- Edmond Hamilton (Chapter Seventeen: Armageddon in Space). Of course the conclusion to the serial had to be written by "World Wrecker" Hamilton (1904-1977). It was Hamilton, along with E. E. Smith and Jack Williamson, who set the course for science fiction in those early days. Among Hamilton's early tales were "The Monster God of Mamurth," "Crashing Suns," "Cities in the Air," "The Man Who Saw the Future," "The Man Who Evolved," "Devolution," and :"He that Hath Wings." Hamilton wrote 24 of the 27 Captain Future novels. Like Otto Binder, Hamilton wrote for the comics, he specialized in stories for Superman and Batman. Hamilton's later writings displayed a sophistication and sensitivity missing from much of his earlier work; books like The Star Kings, The City at World's End, the Star of Life, and The Haunted Stars, and stories such as "What's It Like Out There?," The Stars, My Brothers," and "Sunfire!" have helped to cement his reputation. Hamilton was married to writer Leigh Brackett and they combined to of their series with "Stark and the Star Kings" (2005).